How can I apply for a I-485 for EB-5 while on a visitor visa in the USA?

The waiver of inadmissibility you have been granted is only for the specific visa application, in this case it appears to be for a nonimmigrant visitor. Unfortunately, to apply for an adjustment of status, you need to meet several clear circumstances such as proving extreme hardship to a U.S. citizen or permanent resident spouse or parent.

Since you received a waiver, you may be able to proceed with the adjustment of status while you are in the U.S. It is best to have immigration counsel on a matter of this sort.

The waivers you got were for a nonimmigrant visa. You cannot get the overstay waiver, form I-601, in the U.S.; you need to apply for it through consular processing.