How do changes in the visa bulletin affect the adjudication of pending EB-5 I-485s?

You cannot file for your spouse until a visa number is available. And if your case is approved before you can file an adjustment for her, she will be out of status, so you have to be ready to file an adjustment immediately so there is no gap in status. Because if you file a spousal F2A, she cannot be out of status for even one day. Very tricky case. Hopefully they will not approve your adjustment the same month the visa becomes available as that will provide an opportunity for you to file a following to join adjustment for her.

As long as you are married before getting your green card, then your wife may FTJ and submit the I-485 in any month when the Priority Date is current. She will lose her H-4 when you get your green card though, so will need to be careful to change to another status before then.

You must have a current immigrant visa number when the I-485 is filed and when the I-485 is adjudicated by U.S. CIS. When your wife has a current immigrant visa number, an I-485 application of your wife can be filed.

Your I-485 will be eligible for approval when your priority date is current - retrogression in the visa bulletin will not cause your I-485 to be abandoned or for it to not accrue processing time, however, it cannot be approved if your priority date is not current. You should monitor the Dates for Filing Chart (Chart B) on the monthly visa bulletin and confirm if USCIS is using this chart for I-485 filings - once your priority date is current pursuant to Chart B your spouse can file for adjustment of status. Your spouse will still be able to file for adjustment of status even if you receive your conditional green card as you were married before its issuance.

They cannot approve your application until the date is available again. Your spouse can file to adjust when the date is available again, as long as your application is still pending.